Metal Electrode potential, in volts

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Galvanic corrosion
2. Pitting corrosion
Pitting corrosion is a type of localized corrosion that creates small, deep holes in the material. It is particularly dangerous because it can lead to rapid material failure, even if the overall material loss is minimal. The pitting factor is used to assess the impact of pitting corrosion. When the pitting factor is higher, it indicates that the pitting corrosion is severe.

Pitting factor = (depth of deepest pit) / average thickness loss due to corrosion

pitting corrosion
3. Crevice corrosion
This type of corrosion involves oxygen concentration cells that develop in pits, crevices or sub-deposits. As a result, the local solution can stagnate, causing localized corrosion. Crevice corrosion occurs, for example, around the joint of a metal plate, where the metal meets a gasket or when using bolts and nuts. The rate of crevice corrosion depends on factors such as the concentration of chloride ions ([Cl -] and the pH of the solution inside the crack:

Corrosion rate ∝ [Cl – ]e (-∆G/RT)

In this equation, ΔG is the change in Gibbs free energy, R is the email dataset gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Materials sensitive to corrosion
Corrosion resistance depends on the material's composition, structure, and the environment in which the metallic or nonmetallic material is located. Iron and steel are particularly prone to rust because they oxidize rapidly, especially when they come into contact with moisture and oxygen. Although aluminum develops a passive oxide layer, it also undergoes pitting and crevice corrosion in conditions containing chloride. Copper and its alloys are susceptible to galvanic corrosion. This is especially true when in contact with metals such as aluminum or steel and exposed to an aquatic environment. As a member of the anode group used in cathodic protection, zinc acts as an anode in galvanic protection designs to corrode while preserving the metal itself.


Magnesium -1.36
Industrial impact of corrosion
The effects of corrosion are felt throughout the industrial value chain, in most, if not all, sectors that use metals. The impact of this threat on economies is that industries lose billions of dollars each year due to corrosion. This loss includes the cost of maintaining and replacing structures subject to corrosion, loss of production due to corrosion, and other related effects. Deterioration of safety, reliability, and durability are some of the impacts of corrosion. Corrosion can cause sudden failure of structures, transportation, and utilities such as bridges, pipelines, and aircraft. Structural integrity decreases due to corrosion due to the high risk of sudden failure.