He studied medicine in Warsaw and then specialized in ophthalmology

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Esperanto means “a hopeful” or “someone who hopes,” which gives an initial idea about its author, who made the first publications on the language under the pseudonym “Dr. Esperanto.”

His real name was Lazarus Ludvig Zamenhof. Of Jewish origin, he was born in 1859 in Bialystok (now Poland), where Russians, Poles, Germans and Jews came together; he lived in a socio-economically depressed area.

Zamenhof spoke Russian at home and Polish on the street; in high school spain consumer email list he excelled in German and French, as well as in Latin and Greek; with his father he studied Hebrew in depth.



Zamenhof was an idealistic humanist who, living in Europe a few years before the First World War, wanted to unite humanity with his “Universal Language”. He died in 1917, poor, largely due to his investments in the development of Esperanto (publications, travels, activities, etc.).

Unlike Schleyer and Volapük, Zamenhof did not appropriate Esperanto. He hoped that the language would contribute to a democratization of knowledge and culture, and to connecting the masses internationally without the need for an educated elite.

He knew that his “Universal Language” could generate a social movement, and he also did work to develop a “Universal Religion.